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In 2025, the EOS blockchain—originally built on a Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) consensus model—continues to be recognized for its high transaction throughput and low transaction fees.
Welcome to Hoken g the energy consumption behind EOS’s block producer infrastructure and overall network operation is paramount for stakeholders concerned with sustainability.
This report provides an in-depth technical analysis of EOS’s annual and per-transaction energy consumption, drawing upon established methodologies in Proof-of-Stake (PoS) research.
Our goal is to deliver a clear picture of the underlying energy mechanics that power the EOS blockchain in 2025, offering sustainability insights crucial for developers, researchers, and investors alike.
EOS employs a Delegated Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism in which a fixed number of elected block producers validate transactions. This reduces hardware competition, typically lowering energy consumption compared to Proof-of-Work (PoW) systems. While block producers are fewer in number, they often invest in sufficiently robust hardware—both for reliability and processing speed—thereby affecting overall energy use.
Various studies have examined PoS networks’ energy profiles, most notably the work by the Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI). Methodologies from such analyses frequently involve measuring typical hardware setups via power monitoring devices, then extrapolating the resulting data across the entire network.
To estimate energy consumption accurately, we assume each EOS block producer (BP) runs on hardware with the following baseline specifications:
These assumptions mirror mid-tier to high-performance machines in 2025, factoring in improvements over older benchmarks but remaining realistic for EOS’s throughput demands.
We adopt a measurement-based approach inspired by the CCRI white paper:
Our analysis focuses on three primary metrics:
(1) Single-node daily and annual energy consumption.
(2) Network-wide daily and annual energy consumption.
(3) Energy usage per transaction.
We define the following variables:
In this example scenario for 2025, we hypothesize that:
We calculate single-node daily consumption using:
(1) E_node_daily = (P_node × 24 h) / 1000
Substituting P_node = 100 W
(2) E_node_year = E_node_daily × 365
Hence:
(3) E_network_daily = E_node_daily × N_nodes
For N_nodes = 500,
(4) E_network_year = E_network_daily × 365
Thus:
We consider T_daily = 2,000,000 transactions/day.
(5) E_per_transaction_daily = E_network_daily / T_daily
Therefore:
We first note that:
Annual transactions T_year = T_daily × 365 = 730 million transactions.
(6) E_per_transaction_year = E_network_year / T_year
This aligns perfectly with the daily calculation, given consistent daily rates.
In summary, the EOS blockchain in 2025 likely maintains a comparatively efficient energy profile, thanks to its Delegated Proof-of-Stake design and typical hardware usage among block producers.
The calculations presented here offer a concise snapshot of how a 500-node EOS network might consume approximately 438,000 kWh annually, translating to an average of 0.6 Wh per transaction in a scenario with 2 million daily transactions.
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